What is rectification and rectifier?

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(N/A) Rectification is the process of converting an alternating current $(AC)$ into a direct current $(DC)$.
$A$ rectifier is an electrical device that performs the process of rectification.
It typically uses one or more $p-n$ junction diodes,which allow current to flow in only one direction,thereby blocking the reverse half-cycle of the $AC$ input.

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$A$ sinusoidal voltage of peak value $200 \ V$ is connected to a diode and resistor $R$ in the circuit shown so that half-wave rectification occurs. If the forward resistance of the diode is negligible compared to $R$,the rms voltage (in volt) across $R$ is approximately:

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$A$ full-wave rectifier supplies a load of $1 \ k\Omega$. The $a.c.$ voltage applied to the diode is $220 \ V_{rms}$. If the diode resistance is neglected,the value of the ripple voltage $(rms)$ is .... $V$.

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Which of the following circuits represents a full-wave rectifier?

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$:
List-$I$List-$II$
$(a)$ Rectifier$(i)$ Used for stepping up or stepping down the $\text{A.C.}$ voltage
$(b)$ Stabilizer$(ii)$ Used to convert $\text{A.C.}$ voltage into $\text{D.C.}$ voltage
$(c)$ Transformer$(iii)$ Used to remove any ripple in the rectified output voltage
$(d)$ Filter$(iv)$ Used for constant output voltage

What is rectification and rectifier? Why is a $p-n$ junction diode used as a rectifier?

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